The relationship between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age

A large literature demonstrates the direct and indirect influence of health on socioeconomic attainment, and reveals the ways in which health and socioeconomic background simultaneously and dynamically affect opportunities for attainment and mobility. Despite an increasing understanding of the effects of health on social processes, research to date remains limited in its conceptualization and measurement of the temporal dimensions of health, especially in the presence of socioeconomic circumstances that covary with health over time. Guided by life course theory, we use data from the British National Child Development Study, an ongoing panel study of a cohort born in 1958, to examine the association between lifetime health trajectories and socioeconomic attainment in middle age. We apply finite mixture modeling to identify distinct trajectories of health that simultaneously account for timing, duration and stability. Moreover, we employ propensity score weighting models to account for the presence of time-varying socioeconomic factors in estimating the impact of health trajectories. We find that, when poor health is limited to the childhood years, the disadvantage in socioeconomic attainment relative to being continuously healthy is either insignificant or largely explained by time-varying socioeconomic confounders. The socioeconomic impact of continuously deteriorating health over the life course is more persistent, however. Our results suggest that accounting for the timing, duration and stability of poor health throughout both childhood and adulthood is important for understanding how health works to produce social stratification. In addition, the findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between confounding and mediating effects of time-varying socioeconomic circumstances.     

大运河旅游资源现状及开发策略的思考--以扬州市为例

立足于运河申遗成功，分析了大运河沿线城市独特的旅游资源，探讨了开发运河旅游的市场前景。结合江苏扬州市开发运河旅游资源实际，提出了开创新型运河旅游产品、建设世界运河博物馆、塑造运河主题节庆品牌、培养新型专业导游等大运河旅游开发的策略。     

从空间构造论三岛由纪夫《潮骚》的主题建构

《潮骚》是三岛由纪夫描写唯美爱情故事的代表作。通过从叙事学角度对作品空间构造的分析可以看到，神社、灯塔分别以新治和初江为表象，具有对内与外的象征意义，同时体现出歌岛这个封闭空间的相对性。立体空间结构及若干对立关系的塑造和叙事视角的多角度转换使故事情节生动充实，既体现了作者对甜蜜爱情的赞美，也展示了故事深层所蕴含的主人公自我意识的觉醒，表现了三岛对理想之乡的向往和对现实的无奈。     

Micro‐level dynamics of social assistance receipt: Evidence from four European countries

This study investigated the monthly dynamics of social assistance benefit receipt – in particular the incidence of long‐term benefit receipt – in four European countries: Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. The analysis is based on four separate administrative panel data sets, each covering the 96‐month period from January 2001 to December 2008. Benefit dynamics were found to vary considerably across countries. In the two Nordic countries, long‐term benefit receipt was found to be a rare exception. Most recipients, however, had multiple spells and the majority of benefit leavers returned to benefits within a few months of leaving. In Luxembourg and The Netherlands, long‐term benefit receipt was frequent, but benefit leavers were much less likely to return to benefit receipt after exit. The total duration of benefit receipt per individual across spells was two to three times as high in The Netherlands and Luxembourg as in Norway and Sweden.     

马克思理论视阈中的“现实的人”——以《德意志意识形态》为文本考察

现实的人是马克思新哲学的出发点和落脚点，同时也是马克思对整个思想史上各种“片面人”的颠覆性阐释，是唯物史观与唯心史观和经验论决裂的标识。它不同于性恶论或性善论或既无善亦无恶论，也不同于黑格尔的“绝对精神”的人，更不同于费尔巴哈的“类”。与黑格尔思想及其青年黑格尔派和费尔巴哈等人思想交锋的过程中，马克思分别通过以所有制为轴线动态考察历史发展和以分工为轴线静态考察社会的结构性存在两条线索来阐释“现实的人”的内涵，并以生产工具为红线，对资本主义社会下“现实的人”的静态结构和动态发展予以微观透视。由此，按照唯物史观的基本立场、观点和方法来说，以经济决定政治、政治决定文化的序列构成的结构性存在来解释人才是马克思所谓的“现实的人”。     

安大简《国风》的次序及“侯风”试解

安大简《国风》并非全本,各风次序与今本《诗经》不尽相同,但其相对次序值得重视。在安大简中,《秦》在《魏》前,与《左传》相合;在安大简中,《侯》在《魏》前,从其实际内容看,相当于《魏》在《唐》前,与传世古书的次序相合。有一种可能性的解释是《侯》即《唐》,安大简中关于《魏》《唐》的实际相对次序与传世古书并无二致,但安大简的抄写者误将“侯(唐)”“魏”的风名分别安到《魏》和《侯(唐)》之上。     

Enabling everything: scale,disability and the film The Theory of Everything

This article looks at the representation of scale in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything, identifying moments that relate to three concerns: firstly, how disabled people experience scale issues at an all too practical level in daily life; secondly, how Hawking’s experience of scale at the level of both body and mind is (a)typical of the way it is experienced by disabled people generally; and, thirdly, how a focus on the film can prompt some rethinking of perspectives both within disability studies and within the conceptualisation of scale more broadly.     

黄仁宇悖论与帝国逻辑——以科举制为线索

黄仁宇悖论描述了中华帝国组织形态松散关联但国家秩序坚韧稳定的矛盾特点。本文以科举制为线索，着眼于历史上中华帝国的观念制度来解读这一悖论，特别是这一松散关联组织形态的机制和过程。在中国历史上，科举制度提供了观念一体化的组织基础，导致了官僚体制内外正式与非正式制度的双向渗透和互构，国家与基层社会上下名与实的仪式性连接。这一观念制度提供了各地区、各层次间的同构性和相互关联，同时造就了一个松散关联的官僚组织。结束部分的“余论”指出，在当代中国，国家治理模式发生了重要转型，从观念一体化转向为组织一元化，为国家治理带来了一系列鲜明的特点和新的挑战。     

论中国历史上的三次制度设计

自三代始，迄于近代，上下四千年。其间，制度设计之事，史不绝书。然而，择其具有原创意义、影响中国历史进程的制度设计，主要有三次，分别出现在周代、秦朝和近代。在中国文化语境中，古代制度设计权属于王和圣，虽为价值有涉，但也使“天下为家”体现出“天下为公”的理想。前两次制度设计以家天下政治为核心，先后形成了王制和帝制的模式；近代以孙中山为首的民族资产阶级的制度设计，效仿法、美模式，开启中国民主制度的先河，奠定了中国政治的基本方向。从历史背景、设计者及思想来源、系统性、创新性、本质性和对外影响来比较，三次制度设计既有相同性也存在着本质差别。三次制度设计对中国历史的进程有重要影响，可以作为中国历史上时代划分的标志。三次制度设计皆发生在中国历史转折时期，其影响之深远，意义之重大，留下了宝贵的历史经验、启示和借鉴。     

城乡差异、就医惯性与老年人卫生服务利用

现有对城乡老年人卫生服务利用不公平的研究多忽略了长期的城乡差异所导致的隐性的农村老年人就医惯性的存在。本研究在控制了收入、医疗保障和就医可及性等因素的条件下，发现就医惯性的存在；并运用集中指数分解法发现，卫生服务的利用存在不公平，偏向于富人，而就医惯性在两种卫生服务利用中的贡献度分别为12%和5%。这种城乡固定差异造成了农村老年人在身体健康、心理健康和自我照料能力上都显著地低于城市老年人。